Elastic-fluid turbine.



PATENTED MAY l2, 1908.

C. W. BAKE.

BLAS'IIG FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 1.1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W/TNESSES: M f WW 1810.882380. PATBNTEDMAYm, 1908. c. W. BAKE. 'ELASTIGPLUlD TURBINE.

APPLICATION rum ooT.1,18oe.

4 SHEETS-sain 2.

. ATTORNEY@ PATBNTED MAY l2, 1908.

C. W. DAKE.

BLASTIG FLUID TURBINB.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.1, 1906.

NE x5 p/TIWRSSEASf/M/MAi A PATENTED MAY 12, 1908.

C. W. DAKE.

LASTIC F APPLIOATION FILED 0011, 190e.

E LUID TURBINE.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WIr/mms.-

NVENTOR.

A TMR/v5 KS f le.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIoE.

CHARLES DIU), OF GRAND RAPIDS. .\I,I(`I1I(`r.=\l\'. ASSIGNOR TO '.llIEDARE-AMERI- CAN STEAM TURBINE COMPANY, Ol" GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN, ACORPORATION OF IIIICHIGAN.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 12,' 1908.

Vufacture- I accomplish the objects of my invention by the devices-andmeans described in the following specification.

The inventionis clearly defined and pointed out in the claims,

A structure embodying the various fea-' 'tures of my invention issuflicientl f illus? trated in the accompanying drawing orming a part ofthis specification, in which:

Figure 1 is a rear elevation view of my improved turbine engine ready tobe mounted upon a suitable foundation or support; Fig. 2 is anenlarged'd'etail sectional view taken on the line S-S of Figs. 1 and 3,through the turbine casing and a portion of the turbine wheel,sufficient to show the cross section of fluid passages, buckets',nozzles, etc. 'Fig 3 is an enlarged detail sectional view takenon` theline A-A of Fig. 2, which is longitudinal through 'the nozzle and guidepassage blocks and adjacent parts, portions being also indicated bydotted lines; Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view taken on the curvedplane in dicated by lines X--X'oi' Figs. 2 and 3, developed into theflat; Fig. 5 is a detail sec- -tional view taken on the curved planeindicated'by line Y-Y of Figs. 2 and 3, also de-` velo d into the ilat;Fig. 6 is a detail view, the Joining bolts 1() being shown in section,showing an inner view of one of the rows-of turbine buckets, indicatingalso the segmental construction; Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail sectionalview taken on the irregular line z-z of Fi 4, showing clearly the arranement of t e nozzles projectingv into the bue ets and the annular grooveon the partitions separating the buckets ofthe row, that permit-thisarrangement; Fig. 8 is an 'enlarged dietarifl view looking into thedischarge endV-e one' of the nozzles; and Fig. 9

` or screws 42.

is a detail sectional view correspoilding to the viewr of Fig. 7 whichshows an old design of buckets and nozzles on which my present inventionis an improvement.

In the drawing, the sectional views are taken looking in the directionof the little arrows at the end of the sectional lines, and

similar numerals of reference refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

`Referring to the numbered parts of the drawing, the turbine casing l.is provided with a front cover 2 (see Figs. 1 and' 2), and the casing isprovided with feet or flanges 50 by means of which the engine is securedto a suitable base or support. It is through these flanges that thepassages 4S lead down to apertures 49 down through the base, forcarrying away the exhaust.

The guide passages and nozzles are formed in suitable blocks 3, 4 and 4,the block 3 being secured by suitable bolts 38 to the casing l, and 'theblocks 3, 4 and 4 being secured together by radially-arranged bolts Anozzle 16 and passages 18-18-18-18-2020 and 20, hereafter to bedescribed, are secured between these blocks by suitable sheet metalbodies of vproper form, inserted between the same and clamped by thesaid bolts 42.

A turbine Wheel 5 is provided with bucket segments 6 and 7 on itsperiphery, which are 'fitted together end to end on radial lines, thesame being slightly separated by a yielding insulatine` material 43between the same to permit oiD their independent contraction andexpansion, the bucket segments usually being made of a different qualityof metal and having a different degree of expansion from the turbinewheel. T 1e periphery of the turbine wheel 5 is formed dove-tailed at 8with shoulders 9 at each side, against which the bucket segments 6 and 7abut, suitable form purpose. Bolts l() extend through these anges andthe dovetail 8 and clamp the Barts securely together, so that when theolts are drawn tight the bucket segments fit securely against theshoulders 9, owing to the dovetailed form of the periphery of the wheel5. A row of buckets 17 is formed in the segments 6, the same being ofthe U-shaped recurvedA type, and similar buckets 19 are formed in thebucket segments 7. These buckets each receive the elastic Huid nl theirside and discharge it from the end.

projecting flanges being provided for that the bucket and does notextend within.

i tween the blocks 4 and 4 are guide passages f in its expansion.

,form clampedbetween the same.

18 produced by sheet metal bodies of proper These are of there-curvedtype and receive the fluid at their' sides and discharge "it from their'ends. The forms, being stamped from sheet metal and clamped between theparts, are vvery readily produced and assembled. `Turbine buckets 19 areformed in the segments 7 and at their sides toward their inner ends, to-Wards the center of the wheel, embrace the dischargeend ofthe recurvedpassages 18, so that they receive the elastic liuid at their side, asindicated at 32, the discharge occurring. at 31 from the end oi therecurved The outer ends of the recurved uckets 19 are cut ofi so thatthe elastic iiuid is dischar ed from. the end A33 and is received at thesuie 34 oi the passa e 2G. The guide passages 2D are also pro uced bysheet metal bodies ci" proper form clamped between the blocks 3 and 4 inproximity to the nozzle 16.

20 isa steam or elastic iiuid passa e, also produced by a sheetmetalform, whic takes care of the spill from the nozzle and other partsand insures itsproper travel through- `e the turbine to utilize W atforce there may This is of very slight consequence, however.

The nozzle 16 is formed of sheet metal and is inserted into the block 3,the edge 26 towards the inside, of the bucket projecting deep within thebuckets. Within the nozzle 16, which is preferably made square orrectangular, as seen in Fi 8 where it is much enlarged,is a pyramidecore 16 which is secured by a suitable screw thread in the block 3centrally within the nozzle, the vsaine being detachably secured there.The sides oi this core being substantially pyramidal in form, a nozzleis roduced of increasing crosssectional area, t e sides of which areperfectly straight and parallel, so that there is not a waste of forcein the nozzle as is the case where the expansion is secured by theexpansion or flaring of the sides of the nozzle. This central projectingcore 16 is made removable b a suitable screw sleeve 16 so that cores ordifferent dimensions and with different angles to the converging sidescan be substituted to accommodate the. engine to diierent ressures anddifferent conditions under which it may be desired to operate.

The core lfis' screwedinto the sleeve 16.

The advantage of extending the nozzle,

into the bucket will appearv by comparing the vstructures of Figs. 7vand y9, IFig. 9 illus.-

assage 18.-

senese l vtrating'an olddesign. l The steam or elastic iiuid passing asindicated by the arrow in Fig. .9 from that side ot the nozzle 16 thereindicated, has a longer distance to travel before it contacts with thewall of the bucket 44 and, as a consequence, as this distance is quitematerial, it is impossible to secure the ,even discharge of ythe steamor elastic iluid in a device of thischaracter; Whereas, by projectingthe nozzle into the bucket the steam or elastic .iluid all travelssubstantially the sa'me distance and the best results v`of its im actare thus obtained. The line artitions'between the various buckets. belngindicated' by the numeral 17 in Figs. 4 and 5. A. series of thesenozzles and guide passage blocks are provided connecting to an annularpassage 13 which is supplied through the opening 12, a flange 11 beingrovided for the connection. Passages 14 ead from theannular passage orchamber 13 to the block 3, thence down through the passage 15 to thenozzle 17, and the fluid es-v capes from the buckets and is dischargedinto` the passage 21 whence it delivers through themouth 22 into theannular passage 23 which is connected by passages 48 down through thebase of the machine. The annular chamber 23 is provided with a wall 24adjacent to the turbine wheel, with a rojecting dan e 25 which extendsinto c ose relation wit the outside of the buckets 17 to` make a jointas near steam tight as it is possible to utilize in an elastic iiuidturbine, at that point. The turbine wheel 5 is carried on a shaft 61 andthat shaft is supported in suitable bearings 55 which are secured to thecasing b the bolts 58 connecting to the flange 60. around the journalbearing 55. vThe bearing is adjustable by the adjusting screw 62. Thepassage 13 is separated from the exhaust chamber 23 by the wall 59. Inthe bottom ofthe casing is a drain-hole 51 surrounded by a boss 54.Stop-oil" valves 46 are rovided for the several nozzle sections, twoeing shown in Fig. 5. A drain-hole 47, controlled by the valve 47 isprovided for draining the supply chamber.'

.ence numeral 17 in Figs. 4, 5 and 7, the

assages 56 and. 57 admit air Having thus described the various partssenseo to the inner projection at the point 26 of the same, is delivered'so that its impact is most advantageously utilized in the buckets 17,steps 17 of the bucket insuring its proper action, and it thendischarges at the end 29 of the bucket into the side 30 of the recurved--passage 18 where the steam curves upon itself' and is discharged fromthe end 31. of that passage into the side 32 of the bucket 1Q, whencethe steam or elastic fluid acts upon the bucket, the same as in 17, andis dischargedsfrom the end 33 thereof into the side 34 of the passage20; and thence from the passage 20 may discharge into the buckets 17,recurved passage 18, bucket 19, and the 'second passage 20; and fromthence into the passage 21 through the mouth into the central annularexhaust chamber 23, from thence through the passages 48 down through thebase of the machine .to the open air or to a condenser, asthe case maybe.-

T he circulation of the steam orelastic iiuid through the buckets may berepeated as often as desired, depending on the pressure and servicerequired. A course twice through the buckets is usually suliicient.

The advantages of the various structuresl appear from the recitation oftheir operation, and the facilitg of manufacture is apparent from thedescription of the various parts.

Many of the features which l have described may of course be utilizedwithout others which l have mentioned, and all may be modified, but itis clear that they all coact to ksecure the best results.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of the casing 1,provided with the annular supply chamber 13; a suitable cover plate 2therefor; a nozzle and passage section made up of the block 3 having thepassages 14-15 connecting therethrough from the supply chamber 13, amain block 4,and a centrally-arranged block 4', and a nozzle 16,rectangularin cross-section, with one side elongated, provided with aVdetachable p ramid al core 16 arranged between said bloc s 3 and 4guide passages 2() and 18 molded in sheet metal bodies clamped betweenthe said blocks, the receiving sides of which extend` beyond thecoreblock 4 and the dischar4 e ends of which are even with the core-blocand exit passages 21 for each nozzle and passage section between theblocks 3 and 4; a.

turbine d-isk 5 with a dovetail-shapcd periphvfrom the ends oi therecurved passages, the

separating webs between the buckets being notched so that the elongatedside of the nozzle enters the buckets to deliver a jet evenly on thecurved wall; and an exhaust chamber 28 in the bucket casing, embracing,by its mouth 22, theloutlet passages 21 from the nozzle and passagesection', all co-acting substantially ,as described and for the purposesipecified.

2. n an elastic fluidY turbine, the com bination of thecasing 1,provided with the annular supply chamber 13 a suitable coverplate 2therefor; anozzle and passage section made up 'of the blockB havingthepassages 14-15 connecting therethrough from the supply chamber-13,lamain block 4, and a centrally-arranged block 44,'and a nozzle 16arranged `between said `blocks 3 and 4; guide passages 20 and 18, thereceiving sides .of which extend beyond the core-block 4 and thedischarge yends of which are even with the core- .block, and exitpassages 21 for each nozzle and passage section between the bloeksB and4; a turbine disk 5 with bucket segments 6 and 7 having buckets of therecurved U-shap`ed type with stepped Walls cut away at the point ofdischarge so that they will dischargey from their ends into the sides ofthe recurved passages and extended so that they will receive at theirsides from the ends of the recurved passages; `and an ex haust chamber23 in the bucket casing embracing,-\by its mouth 22, the outlet passages21 from the nozzle and passage section, all coacting substantially asdescribed and for the purpose specifie 3v. In an elastic fluid turbine,lthe com-'i bination of .buckets of U-shaped .recurved type and Huidreversing guidepassages of similar form arranged to` deliver an elasticfluid rat .theinends ,and receive the same at their. sides,iwherebyf thevfluidenters the row Of-buekets at.l its side and discharges at-its endinto the side of the reversing passage,

ies

thence-from the end of the reversing pas- .sage into the side of` theopposite row of buckets thence rom the end ofthe opposite lrow oflihckets into the sides of the reversing passages, thence from theI endsof said reversin passa esjnto-y the sides of the 'first name row o`buckets, through the circuit a predetermined number of tmies,dischargbeing the longer.

. In an elastic Huid turbine, the combinaf tion of a turbine wheel withoppositelyfarranged and oppositely -faced bucket segments', containingbuckets of the U-shaped, recurved type, the receiving sides of which,buckets and bucket segments are in planes at right angles to the planeof' the exit passages, the direction of the inlet andoutlet passagesbeing at an acute angle to the direction of the rotation; andintervening recurved guide passages arranged between the said bucketsegments and corresponding thereto.

7. In an elastic fluid turbine, a turbine wheel or rotatable element;U-shaped buckets; and a nozzle to deliver fluid to the Ybuckets, saidnozzle having itsside nearest to the center of ,the buckets extendingbeyond its outer side in the direction of the fluid ow,` co-acting forthe pur ose specified.

8. In an elastic uid turbine,` a turbine i wheel or rotatable elementhaving U-shaped buckets; anda nozzle formed to deliver a jet of fiuid atapproximately equal distance from its throat to the curved Walls of thesaid bucket, for the purpose specified.

9. In an elastic fiuid turbine., a nozzle rectangular in cross-section,with parallel sides, with a pyramidal dore corresponding theretodetachably and centrallyT supported within the nozzle that expands theelastic fluid.

10. Injan elastic fiuid turbine, a nozzlev rectangular in cross-section,with a amidal core corresponding thereto centra y su ported within thenozzlethat' expands t e and.

11. The combination of a turbine disk or Wheel with buckets of theU-shaped recurved type, formed in steps, the steps being similar andarranged side by side in substantially parallel relation; and a nozzledelivering to the said buckets.

l2.v A turbine disk or wheel withbuckets of the U-shaped recurved ty ewhose curved walls are formed of steps ot approximately similar radius.'

i 13. A turbine disk or Wheel with buckets of theU-slaped recurvedftypewhose curved Wall is formed of steps. y i

' 14. In an elastic fiuid turbine, the combination of a wheel-web with"its periphery of dovetailed form; bucket segments 'with Shanksconformed to the dovetailed ortion, the said parts being shoulderedtoget er, and the buckets being formed to receive at their sides anddeliver from their ends; and means for clamping said Shanks onto theopposite sides of the wheel-web against the sides ofthe dovetail,whereby they can embrace projecting parts` of recurved passages, for thepurpose specified.

.15. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of the disk;oppositely-faced segments thereon, secured to the periphery of the saiddisk which is formed dovetailed to receive the sameby suitable boltstherethrough, the said segments beingA separated from each other attheir ends; and elastic insulating material arranged between saidsegments, co-acting for the purpose specified. 16. In an elastic Huidturbine engine, the combination with the turbine disk of bucket segmentssecured to the periphery thereof', which segments are separated fromeach other in relation to permit of inde endent expansion of' thesegments; and e astic insulating material arranged between saidsegments, co-acting as specified.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the resenceof two witnesses. CHARL S W. DAKE. [L. s] Witnesses:

FRED L. CHAPPELL, LULU G. GREnNrIELD.

